Science is vulnerable to threats that undermine its usefulness. In this volume of The ANNALS, special editor James N. Druckman argues that politicization, misinformation, and growing socioeconomic inequalities are the most significant threats to science today, and articles from contributing authors explain the origins, scale and potential impact of these threats. From the deep roots of politicized science to the weaponization of misinformation to long-standing inequalities within the scientific enterprise, this volume brings evidence that illuminates these current threats to science.